Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani; Morteza Haghighi; Seyed Taghi Heydari; Hamid Soori; Forouzan Rezapour; Seyed Abbas Motevalian; Reza Tabrizi; Minoo Mohammadkhani
Volume 8, Issue 4 , October 2020, , Pages 229-235
Abstract
Objective: Pedestrians are road users vulnerable to traffic injuries and fatalities. This study aimed to develop and validate a pedestrian behavior questionnaire to be used in Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the initial questionnaire was designed based on the evaluation of previous ...
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Objective: Pedestrians are road users vulnerable to traffic injuries and fatalities. This study aimed to develop and validate a pedestrian behavior questionnaire to be used in Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the initial questionnaire was designed based on the evaluation of previous studies conducted world-wide or in Iran. The initial pack included 127 items. After the assuring the face validity of the questionnaire, 27 experts’ opinions in the field of traffic was obtained for assessing/improving the content validity. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, the test-retest method and internal consistency assessment were used. To evaluate the structural validity, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the principal component and the Varimax rotation was applied.Results: After completing the face validity and after summarizing the experts’ suggestions, 12 questions were deleted. By calculating the content validity ratio and coefficient, 20 and 17 were removed. Also, the average content validity coefficient regarding relevancy, clarity and overall average were 0.86, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.84. In the last stage and according to the results of the factor analysis, five factors violations, distraction, positive behaviors (group1), positive behaviors (group2) and Aggressive behaviors) were identified from the 29-items questionnaire, which explained 98% of the total variance.Conclusion: Considering the necessity of using a verified and validated tool for planning and evaluating effective interventions for pedestrians is inevitable. The tool designed in the study was found to be valid and reliable for use to measure pedestrian’s behavior and planning to modify high-risk behaviors and enhance safe pedestrian behaviors.
Ali Akbary; Seyed Taghi Heydari; Yaser Sarikhani; Mehrdad Vossoughi; Reza Tabrizi; Maryam Akbari; Najmeh Movahhedian; Arash Mani; Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani; Tahereh Ostovar; Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
Volume 8, Issue 3 , July 2020, , Pages 163-168
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score and driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers in Iran. Methods: This multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 1747 motorcyclists in three cities of Iran. We used a random sampling method ...
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Objective: To investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score and driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers in Iran. Methods: This multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 1747 motorcyclists in three cities of Iran. We used a random sampling method in this study and gathered data using two standard questionnaires. Data were presented using descriptive statistics, also t-test, and ANOVA used for analysis. Results: The mean age of participants was 27.41±8.80 years. ADHD scores of the participants ranged from 0 to 87, with a mean score 31±15.86. All risky driving behaviors (RDBs) were significantly associated with a higher mean of ADHD score. For example, driving with illegal speed (p<0.001), not wearing a crash helmet (p=0.016), driving while exhausting (p<0.001), talking with other passengers (p<0.001), being fined by the police in the past year (p=0.028), and maneuvering while driving (p<0.001) were related to a higher mean of ADHD score. Conclusion: All RDBs were significantly associated with the ADHD score among motorcyclists in Iran. In this regard, health care providers should inform people with ADHD about the negative consequences associated with driving and ADHD. Public health policymakers should consider management of ADHD through a comprehensive approach to improve driving performance and competencies among motorcyclists in order to decrease RDBs and traffic accidents.
