Review Article
Assessing Preparedness of Non-Hospital Health Centers to Provide Primary Emergency Care; A Systematic Review

Mehrdad Amir Behghadami; Ali Janati; Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani; Masoumeh Gholizadeh; Farzad Rahmani; Morteza Arab-Zozani

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 201-211

Abstract
  Objectives: To identify prevalent domains related to the concept of assessing preparedness of non-hospital centers to provide primary emergency care in order to develop a comprehensive framework.Methods: Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Barakat Knowledge Network Systems (BKNS) ...  Read More

Review Article
Comparative Study of Stewardship of Road Traffic Injuries Prevention with a Focus on the Role of Health System; Three Pioneer Countries and Three Similar to Iran

Saber Azami-Aghdash; Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazarghani; Ramin Rezapour; Mahdiyeh Heydari; Naser Derakhshani

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 212-222

Abstract
  Objective: To compare the stewardship of road traffic accidents (RTIs) prevention in three pioneer countries and three similar ones to Iran.Methods: In this descriptive comparative study, the United States of America, Sweden, and Brazil as the pioneer countries in RTIs prevention were compared to the ...  Read More

Original Article
Prognostic Value of P-POSSUM and Osteopenia for Predicting Mortality After Emergency Laparotomy in Geriatric Patients

Rebecka Ah; MB BChir; Yang Cao; Hakan Geijer; Kardo Taha; Sahar Pourhossein-Sarmeh; Peep Talving; Olle Ljungqvist; Shahin Mohseni

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 223-231

Abstract
  Objective: To evaluate the Portsmouth-Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) in comparison with other risk factors for mortality including osteopenia as an indicator for frailty in geriatric patients subjected to emergency laparotomy. Methods: ...  Read More

Original Article
Biomarkers in Shock Patients and Their Value as A Prognostic Tool; A Prospective Multi-Center Cohort Study

Ana Maria Navio Serano; Joaquín Valle Alonso; Gustavo Rene Piñero; Alejandro Rodriguez Camacho; Josefa Soriano Benet; Manuel Vaquero

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 232-239

Abstract
  Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of clinical and laboratory tests in prediction of outcome in patients at day 30 post presentation to hospital with shock and to determine the prognostic value of mid regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) on mortality prediction at 30 days in the same patient ...  Read More

Original Article
Local Anesthetic Effect of Amitriptyline versus Lidocaine in Isolated Lesion of the Limb Requiring Primary Suturing; Assessing a Novel Therapeutic Agent

Rasoul Salimi; Rasool Haddadi; Abbas Moradi; Farnoush Jalilvand; Farzin Firozian

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 240-244

Abstract
  Objective: To compare the anesthetic effects of topical amitriptyline 2% with lidocaine 2% in isolated limb wound repair with suturing.Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with a complaint of isolated ulcer and require a preliminary repair by suturing were selected from patients referred ...  Read More

Original Article
Effects of Caudal Epidural Dexmedetomidine on Pain, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Quality of Life in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome; A Randomized Clinical Trial

Masoud Hashemi; Payman Dadkhah; Mehrdad Taheri; Mahshid Ghasemi

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 245-250

Abstract
  Objective: To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine in caudal epidural on controlling pain, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and quality of life in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS).Methods: The study was a single-blind clinical trial. From the total of 70 patients suffering from ...  Read More

Original Article
Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injections; A Single Center Fluoroscopic Validation Study

Masoud Hashemi; Payman Dadkhah; Mehrdad Taheri; Seyed Mohammdareza Haji; Seyed Abootorabi; Bahram Naderi-nabi

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 251-255

Abstract
  Objective: To investigate the success rate (technical precision) of ultrasound-guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection, which was validated by conventional fluoroscopic technique.Methods: A total of 20 patients with unilateral single-level lumbar foraminal disc protrusion causing radiculopathy ...  Read More

Original Article
Mortality And Morbidity of Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries; A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Experience Over 15 Years

Kam Lun Ellis Hon; Szewei Huang; Wai Sang Poon; Hon Ming Cheung; Patrick Ip; Benny Zee

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 256-262

Abstract
  Objective: To determine the mortality, morbidity, types of intracranial hemorrhages, and factors associated with length of stay (LOS) associated with accidental traumatic brain injury (TBI) at a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a regional trauma center in an Asian city.Methods: This study is a ...  Read More

Original Article
Internal Jugular Vein Waveform; A New Insight to Detect Early Stage of Hemorrhagic Shock

Mohammad Rouhezamin; Babak Shekarchi; Ali Taheri Akerdi; Shahram Paydar

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 263-268

Abstract
  Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of internal jugular vein waveform to detect early stage of hemorrhagic shockMethods: Forty-three volunteers enrolled in our study between November and December 2018. After blood donation of 450cc, the blood donors in the case group underwent color Doppler sonography ...  Read More

Original Article
Evaluation of Clinical Criteria for Performing Brain CT-Scan in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury; A New Diagnostic Probe

Roghieh Molaei-Langroudi; Ahmad Alizadeh; Ehsan Kazemnejad-Leili; Vahid Monsef-Kasmaie; Seyed-Younes Moshirian

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 269-277

Abstract
  Objective: To investigate the risk factors that can be proper indications for performing brain computerized tomography (CT)-scan in patients with mild and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation, saving on costs as well as time wasted in emergency wards.Methods: ...  Read More

Diagnostic Accuracy of Abdominal Ultrasonography in Pediatric Acute Appendicitis

Alireza Pedram; Fatemeh Asadian; Naghmeh Roshan

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 278-283

Abstract
  Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in pediatric acute appendicitis.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 230 children aged 5-15 years with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis were studied. This study included the evaluation of demographic indices, ultrasound findings ...  Read More

Effects of Chitosan/Nano Selenium Biofilm on Infected Wound Healing in Rats; An Experimental Study

Abolfazl Abbaszadeh; Akram Tehmasebi-Foolad; Asghar Rajabzadeh; Nasim Beigi-Brojeni; Leila Zarei

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 284-291

Abstract
  Objective: The present study was aimed at assessment of effect of application of Chitosan/Nano Selenium biofilm on infected wound healing in ratsMethods: Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups of 17 animals each. In group I (Normal) the wounds were created with no infection. In ...  Read More

Curcumin and Nanocurcumin Oral Supplementation Improve Muscle Healing in a Rat Model of Surgical Muscle Laceration

Siamak Kazemi-Darabadi; Ramin Nayebzadeh; Amir Ali Shahbazfar; Faranak Kazemi-Darabadi; Ezzatollah Fathi

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 292-299

Abstract
  Objective: To compare the effects of curcumin and nanocurcumin oral supplementation on the muscle healing rate of an animal model of surgical muscle laceration.Methods: Thirty-two male adult rats were randomly divided into sham, control, curcumin, and nanocurcumin groups. Partial transection of the gastrocnemius ...  Read More

Developing a Model for Hospitals’ Emergency Department Preparedness in Radiation and Nuclear Incidents and Nuclear Terrorism in Iran

Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh; Rita Rezaee; Abbas Rezaianzadeh; Mahnaz Rakhshan; Gholamhassan Haddadi; Mahmoudreza Peyravi

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 300-306

Abstract
  Objective: To develop a national model for hospitals’ Emergency Department (ED) preparedness when facing radiation and nuclear incidents as well as nuclear terrorism in Iran.Methods: This analytical study was carried out in 2019 via Delphi technique in two rounds and prioritization using a pairwise ...  Read More

Dispatcher-Assisted Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Telephone-CPR) and Outcomes after Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Seyedmohammad Seyedbagheri; Tabandeh Sadeghi; Majid Kazemi; Ali Esmaieli Nadimi

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 307-313

Abstract
  Objective: To determine the effects of the implementation of the telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (T-CPR) program on the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Methods: In this prospective study, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) dispatchers and all bystanders attending to patients with ...  Read More

Original Article
Is Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Islamic Republic of Iran Practical and Efficient in Facing Ebola?

Ali Jadidi; Behrooz Irannejad; Paria Bahrami; Yaser Moradi; Mohammadreza Zaker Tarzam

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 315-319

Abstract
  Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and preparedness of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Islamic Republic of Iran to face Ebola.Methods: The present study is cross-sectional and somehow descriptive. We used a standard questionnaire that was designed by “center for disease control and prevention”. ...  Read More

Case Report
Successful Medical Management of Methamphetamine Induced Ileus; A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Mohammad Moshiri; Zahra Ataee; Parastoo Rahimi; Elham Ansari; Leila Etemad

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 320-323

Abstract
  Ileus is a very rare complication of methamphetamine (MET) intoxication. We herein report a 15-year-old non-addict girl who ingested about 5 gr of MET. She suffered from bowel obstruction manifestations. She was treated by intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin. On next morning, she became restlessness ...  Read More

Case Report
Acute Subdural Hemorrhage of a Convexity Meningioma in the Postpartum Period; Case Report and Literature Review

Mohammad Sadegh Masoudi; Saber Zafar Shamspour; Mohammad Ghasemi-Rad; Neda Soleimani; Abbas Rakhsha; Christie Lincoln

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 324-329

Abstract
  New onset seizures in pregnancy or the postpartum period can be of great importance and denote various underlying pathologies. Eclampsia and cerebrovascular accidents are common, and brain tumors are uncommon causes of postpartum seizures among others. Acute presentation of brain tumors in pregnancy ...  Read More

Case Report
Delayed Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Synthetic Cannabis (Bonsai) Abuse; Case Report and Literature Review

Gülçin Aydin; Bülent Bakar

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 330-334

Abstract
  Bonsai is a synthetic cannabinoid (SC) substance which can cause lung toxicity with chronic use. However, there are few case reports in literature related to bonsai-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in literature. A 25-year-old man presented at the Emergency Room (ER) with dyspnea, hemoptysis and agitation ...  Read More

Clinical Images
Orbital Cellulitis Due To Leech Therapy

Mazlum Kılıç; Rohat Ak

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 335-336

Abstract
  A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of redness and swelling in both eyes and face. She had a long history of headache, therefore applied leech treatment occasionally. Swelling began on the face after the treatment of leech therapy. Vital signs were as follows; ...  Read More

Letter to the Editor
Methodological Issue on Reporting of Systematic Review of Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Ultrasound in Shock

MohammadBagher Shamsi; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Maryam Mirzaei

Volume 7, Issue 3 , July 2019, Pages 337-338

Abstract
  DearEditor, We were interested to read a systematic review article that was recently published in the Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma journal (volume 6, issue 2) [1]. The aim of authors was to review the evidences to evaluate the effectiveness of the RUSH protocol in determining the ...  Read More