Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
2322-2522
2322-3960
8
4
2020
10
01
Association of Social Determinants of Health and Road Traffic Deaths: A Systematic Review
211
217
EN
Mina
Saeednejad
0000-0002-3279-3944
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
saeednejadm@gmail.com
Farideh
Sadeghian
0000-0001-7173-6451
Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud,Iran
farsadeghian@gmail.com
Mahsa
Fayaz
0000-0001-6465-4845
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
mahsafayaz@yahoo.com
Dennis
Raphael
0000-0002-0724-3174
Faculty of Health - School of Health Policy & Management, University of Toronto
Toronto,Canada
draphael@yorku.ca
Rasha
Atlasi
0000-0002-9118-5324
Department of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
rashaatlasi@gmail.com
Amirmasoud
Kazemzadeh Houjaghan
0000-0001-5456-3835
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
amirm.kazemzadeh@gmail.com
Raziyeh
Abedi kichi
0000-0001-5762-4517
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
abediraz@yahoo.com
Mohammad Hossein
Asgardoon
0000-0002-2029-1816
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
mh_asgardoon@yahoo.com
Hossein
Zabihi Mahmoudabadi
0000-0002-9092-5124
Sina hospital, Department of surgery, school of medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
hzabihim@tums.ac.ir
Zahra
Salamati
0000-0002-0174-9123
School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran
zsalamati@ut.ac.ir
Zohrehsadat
Naji
0000-0002-6817-4053
Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
zohrehsadat.naji@gmail.com
Vafa
Rahimi-Movaghar
0000-0001-7347-8767
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
v_rahimi@yahoo.com
Payman
Salamati
0000-0001-9313-3977
National Trauma Registry of Iran, Professor of Social Medicine, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
psalamati@tums.ac.ir
10.30476/beat.2020.86574
<strong>Objective:</strong> This study aims to review systematically the association of social determinants of health (SDH) and road traffic deaths (RTD) within scientific literature.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> A search strategy was designed and run in EMBASE, PubMed via MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. Through title, abstract, and full-text screening, all English original papers (except ecological studies) which studied social determinants of health and fatal injuries were included. Papers which studied association between RTD and the education, income, rural settlement, and marital status were evaluated and the related data was extracted from the full-texts.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Eleven articles out of 7,897 primary results were selected to be included in the study. Among eight papers studied education, seven confirmed a negative association between years of schooling and RTD. Two out of three articles reported no association between income leveland RTD. Among three papers studied rural settlement, two approved a positive relationship between this determinant and RTD. Both articles studied marital status, confirmed an association between this determinant and RTD.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A few papers studied association of social determinants of health (SDH) and RTD. There was an inverse relationship between education and RTD. The evidence for such an association between income, rural settlement, and marital state was scarce. Further investigations are recommended through original research.
Social Determinants of Health,Accidents,Traffic
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47102.html
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47102_7129c023e92b000b17b3fe958246d282.pdf
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
2322-2522
2322-3960
8
4
2020
10
01
Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC) Model in Natural Disasters in Iran
218
223
EN
Hassan
Araghizadeh
0000-0002-0944-9790
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Baghiyyatollah al-Azam Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
dr_araghizadeh@yahoo.com
Mahmoudreza
Peyravi
0000-0001-9123-6219
Assistant Professor, Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
peyravi110@gmail.com
Simintaj
Sharififar
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Faculty of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
s_sharififar@yahoo.com
Milad
Ahmadi Marzaleh
0000-0003-1743-0093
4Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran;
5Research Center for Health Management in Mass Gathering, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran; 6Helal-Iran Institute, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran; 7PhD of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Student Research Committee, Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 8MPH of Health Policy, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Iran
miladahmadimarzaleh@yahoo.com
10.30476/beat.2020.83646
<strong>Objective:</strong> The present study aimed at codifying a native model of civil-military coordination (CIMIC) in natural disasters in Iran.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> This manuscript is a part of a larger study. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 using a two-stage Delphi technique. The factors confirmed by the technique were prioritized via a pairwise questionnaire. In doing so, 24 elites and experts in civil-military coordination were presented with the indicators in the course of classic Delphi technique and pairwise comparison. At the end, the nationalized model was finalized by sending the model to ten experts and asking their ideas.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The results obtained from the two rounds of Delphi indicated that 36 coordination factors could be classified into three primary classes of staff, stuff, and system. All factors were confirmed by the experts. Considering the weight of each class, “staff” and “stuff” classes were considered to be the highest and lowest priorities, respectively.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Application of the coordination factors in the context of military and civil organizations leads to a better response to natural disasters. The organizations in charge of responding to disasters should be obliged to apply this model in the highest organizational commitment level as the final goals of disaster management. The results of the present study can be applied for codification of a comprehensive plan for assessing the civil-military coordination in natural disasters.
Coordination,Natural disasters,Military forces,education,Civil,Iran
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47103.html
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47103_03022d170ddc2f5e2d715376acaa3f86.pdf
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
2322-2522
2322-3960
8
4
2020
10
01
Differences in the Clinical Course of Acute Appendicitis in Geriatric Patient Groups
224
228
EN
Sadettin
Er
0000-0003-0712-3153
Department of General Surgery, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
ersadettin74@gmail.com
Sabri
Özden
0000-0002-7219-046X
Department of General Surgery, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
drsabriozden@gmail.com
Umut
Fırat
Turan
0000-0001-7135-113X
Department of General Surgery, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
umutfratturan@gmail.com
Egemen
Özdemir
0000-0002-8022-8245
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, İnönü University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
egemen313@gmail.com
Barış
Saylam
0000-0001-9080-4974
Department of General Surgery, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
mdbsaylam@yahoo.com
Mesut
Tez
0000-0003-4004-3948
Department of General Surgery, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
mesuttez@yahoo.com
10.30476/beat.2020.85729
<strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the differences in the clinical course of acute appendicitis between early elderly (60-79 years) and late elderly patients (≥80 years).<br /> <strong>Method: </strong>The sample consisted of 177 patients aged over 60 that underwent surgery at the emergency service with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 2010 and May 2018. Patients’ data were retrospectively obtained from electronic records. Patients that had undergone appendectomy or negative appendectomy or had an appendix tumor were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into two groups by age; early elderly (60-79 years) and late elderly (≥80 years).<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Of the 177 patients included in the study, 162(91%) were 60-79 years old and 15 (9%) were over 80. A statistically significant difference was found between the early and late elderly groups in terms of perforation, requirement for intensive care (<em>p </em>=0.001), red cell distribution width (<em>p </em>=0.025), the Clavien-Dindo classification (<em>p </em>=0.020), and the Charlson comorbidity index (<em>p </em>=0.005). The mean hospital stay was four and 11 days for early and late elderly groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age alone was an independent factor with a statistically significant effect on mortality (OR=Odds Ratio: 53, 95% CI: 16.91-166.08; (<em>p </em><0.001)).<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>In particular, in the elderly patients over 80 years old, the clinical manifestation of acute appendicitis at hospital admission is in the form of perforation. Therefore, in this age group, a careful, precise and prompt diagnosis is crucial.
Appendicitis,Mortality,Geriatrics
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47104.html
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47104_0a0816f9b2a87b53e933acb690fbc59d.pdf
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
2322-2522
2322-3960
8
4
2020
10
01
Developing and Validating a Measurement Tool to Self-report pedestrian Safety-related Behavior: The Pedestrian Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ)
229
235
EN
Homayoun
Sadeghi-Bazargani
0000-0002-0396-8709
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics and
Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
homayoun.sadeghi@gmail.com
Morteza
Haghighi
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
haghighy.m@gmail.com
Seyed Taghi
Heydari
0000-0001-7711-1137
2Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 3Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain , Shiraz, Iran
heydari.st@gmail.com
Hamid
Soori
Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
hamidsoori5@gmail.com
Forouzan
Rezapour
0000-0001-5049-1109
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
forouzan.rezapour@gmail.com
Seyed Abbas
Motevalian
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
amotevalian@yahoo.com
Reza
Tabrizi
Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
kmsrc89@gmail.com
Minoo
Mohammadkhani
Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
sayyed_12@yahoo.com
10.30476/beat.2020.86488
<strong>Objective:</strong> Pedestrians are road users vulnerable to traffic injuries and fatalities. This study aimed to develop and validate a pedestrian behavior questionnaire to be used in Iran.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this cross-sectional study, the initial questionnaire was designed based on the evaluation of previous studies conducted world-wide or in Iran. The initial pack included 127 items. After the assuring the face validity of the questionnaire, 27 experts’ opinions in the field of traffic was obtained for assessing/improving the content validity. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, the test-retest method and internal consistency assessment were used. To evaluate the structural validity, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the principal component and the Varimax rotation was applied.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> After completing the face validity and after summarizing the experts’ suggestions, 12 questions were deleted. By calculating the content validity ratio and coefficient, 20 and 17 were removed. Also, the average content validity coefficient regarding relevancy, clarity and overall average were 0.86, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.84. In the last stage and according to the results of the factor analysis, five factors violations, distraction, positive behaviors (group1), positive behaviors (group2) and Aggressive behaviors) were identified from the 29-items questionnaire, which explained 98% of the total variance.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Considering the necessity of using a verified and validated tool for planning and evaluating effective interventions for pedestrians is inevitable. The tool designed in the study was found to be valid and reliable for use to measure pedestrian’s behavior and planning to modify high-risk behaviors and enhance safe pedestrian behaviors.
Questionnaires,Traffic behavior scales,Pedestrians,Validity,Factor Structure
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47105.html
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47105_81ebe32307f149a7fab99f635b6147d5.pdf
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
2322-2522
2322-3960
8
4
2020
10
01
Factors Related to Delay In Initiating Post-Exposure Prophylaxis For Rabies Prevention Among Animal Bite Victims: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northwest of Iran
236
242
EN
Ehsan
Sarbazi
0000-0001-8190-9942
1Health Services Management Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Iranian International Safe Community Support Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran ; 2Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
ehsansarbazi20@gmail.com
Mohamadreza
Sarbazi
PhD student in Applied ELT at Ilam University, Faculty of humanities and foreign languages Ilam, Iran
s.sarbazi@yahoo.com
Saber
Ghaffari-fam
0000-0002-8785-5452
School of Nursing of Miyandoab, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
ghaffari.s68@gmail.com
Towhid
Babazadeh
Department of Public Health, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
towhid.babazadeh@gmail.com
Sohrab
Heidari
School of Nursing of Miyandoab, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
sohrabheidari@yahoo.com
Khadijeh
Aghakarimi
School of Nursing of Miyandoab, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
aghakarimi.khadijeh@gmail.com
Ismail
Jamal
Tabriz Health Center, Tabriz rabies prevention and treatment center, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
ayazcemali1356@gmail.com
Ali
Sherini
Tabriz Health Center, Tabriz rabies prevention and treatment center, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
ali.shirini.ir@gmail.com
Javad
Babaie
0000-0001-6155-5606
Department of Health Services Management, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
javad1403@gmail.com
Ghader
Darghahi
MSc of Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
ghaderdarghahi@yahoo.com
10.30476/beat.2020.85134
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of the present study was identifying factors associated with h delayed initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among animal bite victims.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong>This cross-sectional study assessed biting patterns among 3032 cases that were referred to Tabriz Rabies Center. The delay was described as the initiation of PEP more than 48 hours (h) after possible exposure to the rabies virus. Determinants of delay in initiating PEP were recognizing by a decision tree model.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Totally, 8.5% of the victims who were bitten by an animal had a delay of more than 48 h in the initiation of PEP. The relative frequency of delay more than 48 h in females was higher than the males (12.9% compared to 8.5%) (p-value= 0.004). Relative frequency of delay more of 48 h from carnivorous (dog, jackal, fox) was significantly less than others (<em>p </em>-value< 0.001). Of the decision tree, the overall classification accuracy was 89.5%, with 44.1% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity. The identified variables included gender,biting place (rural, urban), and type of animal.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the study findings on various variables that affect the delayed initiation of PEP, particularly being female, and rural residents were the major factors associated with a delay in the initiation of PEP for rabies prevention. We found relatively low rates of vaccine completion. Our findings indicate that provider training and patient education are required to ensure the completion of appropriate treatment.
Post-exposure prophylaxis,Rabies,Animal bits,Iran
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47106.html
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47106_2fe64d8986355b8355e6dff7afd308ef.pdf
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
2322-2522
2322-3960
8
4
2020
10
01
Mediating Role of Anxiety and Depression in the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Aggression in Motor Vehicle Accident: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
243
248
EN
Fatemeh Sadat
Asgarian
0000-0002-2567-5616
Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
fatisadat@yahoo.com
Mahshid
Namdari
Department of Community Oral Health, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
mah.namdari@gmail.com
Hamid
Soori
0000-0002-3775-1831
Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
hsoori@yahoo.com
10.30476/beat.2020.85690
<strong>Objective:</strong> This study investigated the existence of anxiety and depression mediating effect on the relationship between PTSD and aggression in the hope of providing more comprehensive and effective trauma treatment in motor vehicle accident.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> The studied population of the study consisted of motor vehicles with posttraumatic stress disorder in Kashan. Three questionnaires of post-traumatic stress disorder, <em>Hospital Anxiety and Depression</em><em> Scale (</em><em>HADS</em><em>) and Aggression </em><em>Questionnaire</em><em> (</em><em>Buss</em><em> & </em><em>Perry</em><em>, 1992)</em> were used for data collection. In order to analyze the mediating effects of anxiety and depression on the relationship between PTSD and aggression, structural equation modeling(SEM) was performed with the maximum likelihoodratio as the method of estimation.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Evaluation of the research hypothesis model using fitness indices showed that the hypothetical model fits with the measurement model. NFI=0.96, CFI =0.95, RMSEA=0.06 and the results showed that PTSD had indirect exacerbating effects on aggression. The results also confirmed the mediating role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and aggression in motor vehicle accident.<br /> <strong> Conclusion:</strong> The findings demonstrate that anxiety mediates the relationship between PTSD and aggression. Therefore, this finding can help to prioritize therapeutic goals and determine therapeutic focus for mental health professionals. It is possible to reduce one's aggression by focusing on his anxiety and increasing his/her ability to handle and manage it.
Motor vehicle,Structural equation modelling,Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47107.html
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47107_90bd37d1ac613d46d78225ddc1d6a750.pdf
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
2322-2522
2322-3960
8
4
2020
10
01
Isolated Pancreatic Tail Injury in Paediatrics; A Case Report and Literature Review
249
252
EN
Nabil Muhammad
Al Kuddoos
0000-0003-4716-7329
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
nabu07@hotmail.com
Ahmad Khaldun
Ismail
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
khaldun_ismail@yahoo.com
Kevin
Wong Chuing Shen
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
kevinwong211@gmail.com
Nur Amirah
Shibraumalisi
Primary Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, UiTM, Selayang Campus, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
nuramirahshibraumalisi@gmail.com
Asmil Yuzairi
Yunus
Department of Radiology, Selayang Hospital, 68100, Batu Caves, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
yuriantz@gmail.com
10.30476/beat.2020.85719
Pancreatic injury in paediatrics is a rare condition and can be difficult to diagnose. The diagnostic challenge is due to its symptom of vague abdominal pain which usually results in late presentation. Elevated biochemical markers such as amylase and lipase can aid in the evaluation of pancreatic injury, however, it is not specific and is only evident after several hours of trauma. Ultrasound is commonly used as a primary modality to evaluate abdominal organ injuries, but its role in detecting pancreatic injury is limited due to low sensitivity. High index of suspicion is needed to avoid undiagnosed pancreatic injury which could be lethal to children. We herein report a case of delayed presentation of isolated pancreatic tail injury in a child who was sufficiently diagnosed with ultrasound and treated conservatively. Proper initial assessment and diagnosis will allow appropriate management of pancreatic injury. Conservative management should include serial imaging to look at the evolution of pancreatic injury and detect complications such as pseudocyst or abscess formation.
Pancreatic injury,Pancreatic trauma,Paediatrics,Malaysia
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_46527.html
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_46527_ed2d5da56175995285f88c7e7695d578.pdf
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
2322-2522
2322-3960
8
4
2020
10
01
Comment on “Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Hospital Incident Command System; Findings from a Systematic Review”
253
254
EN
MohammadBagher
Shamsi
0000-0002-8401-6549
School of Allied Medical Sciences Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
mbshamsi@yahoo.com
Zeinab
Rahimzadeh Sani
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
zeinab.rahimzadeh@yahoo.com
Maryam
Mirzaei
0000-0001-7908-6035
Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
mirzaei.m.epid92@gmail.com
10.30476/beat.2020.86250
Systematic review,Reporting,PRISMA
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47108.html
https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_47108_8fa16e4413bcc28d3571c826692fb122.pdf