@article { author = {Davoodi, Seyed Rasoul and Hossayni, Seyed Mohamad}, title = {Role of Motorcycle Running Lights in Reducing Motorcycle Crashes during Daytime; A Review of the Current Literature}, journal = {Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma}, volume = {3}, number = {Issue 3}, pages = {73-78}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-2522}, eissn = {2322-3960}, doi = {}, abstract = {In comparison to other transportation modes, riding motorcycle is prone to accidents.  Motorcyclists are more exposed to physical injury than the car drivers. Many multi-vehicle motorcycles crashes occur, there is right-of-way violation takes place in which another vehicle turns in fronts of a motorcycle, or a sudden cross of path of an on-coming motorcycle. One main factor which leads to high rate of motorcycle crashes is lack of conspicuity of motorcycles by other road users especially during day time traffic. This paper highlights previous studies on the implementation of motorcycle DRLs, focusing on the efficacy of the DRLs to improve motorcycle conspicuity. This paper reviews the impacts of DRL by motorcyclists on multi-vehicle motorcycle crash. The three categories of effects of motorcycle DRLs were reviewed. All literature, supporting that operating headlights during daytime appears to be an influential and effective approach to reduce rate of collision by improving motorcycle’s conspicuity in traffic. The motorcycle DRLs managed to reduce about 4 to 20% of motorcycle crash risk. This paper also recommends that motorcycle DRLs must be used globally, especially in countries with high motorcycle accidents to improve the safety of the riders as well as their pillion riders.}, keywords = {injury prevention,Road traffic accidents,Daytime running light,Rider safety,Motorcycle crash}, url = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44292.html}, eprint = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44292_eb96ba21d0b4efecabee04839fac5cc0.pdf} } @article { author = {Alibai, EhsanAli and Baghban, Fahim and Farrokhi, Majid Reza and Mohebali, Navideh and Ashraf, Mohammad Hossein}, title = {Effects of Human Erythropoietin on Functional Outcome of Patients with Traumatic Cervical Cord Injury; A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial}, journal = {Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma}, volume = {3}, number = {Issue 3}, pages = {79-85}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-2522}, eissn = {2322-3960}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To determine the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on functional outcome and disability of patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: This was a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial being performed in Nemazee and Shahid Rajaei hospitals of Shiraz during a 3-year period from 2011 to 2014. A total number of 20 patients with acute traumatic cervical SCI less than 8 hours after injury were included. We excluded those with anatomic cord dissection, penetrating cord injury and significant concomitant injury. Patients were randomly assigned to receive rhEPO in 500IU/mL dosage immediately and 24-hour later (n=11) or placebo (n=9). All the patient received standard regimen of methylprednisolone. Neurological function was assessed on admission, 1, 6 and 12 months after the injury according to the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA).Results: Overall we include a total number of 20 patients. The mean age of the patients was found to be 40.1 ± 9.5 (ranging from 19 to 59) years. There were 18 (90.0%) men and 2 (10.0%) women among the patients. There was no significant difference between two study groups regarding the baseline characteristics. The baseline ASIA score was comparable between two study groups. The motor and sensory ASIA scores were comparable between two study groups after 1, 6 and 12 months follow-ups. We also found that there was no significant difference between two study groups regarding the motor and sensory outcome in complete cord injury and incomplete cord injury subgroups. Conclusion: Administration of rhEPO does not improve the functional outcome of patients with traumatic cervical SCI.Clinical trial registration: The study has been registered with Iranian Registry for Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir; IRCT2014122920471N1)}, keywords = {Erythropoietin,Cervical cord injury,Functional outcome,Disability,Neuroprotective effect}, url = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44293.html}, eprint = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44293_c9b6cf4e58f884a2b64b2de0d247f1f5.pdf} } @article { author = {Saroukhani, Abbas and Ravari, Hasan and Pezashki Rad, Masoud}, title = {Effects of Intravenous and Catheter Directed Thrombolytic Therapy with Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase) in Non-Traumatic Acute Limb Ischemia; A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial}, journal = {Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma}, volume = {3}, number = {Issue 3}, pages = {86-92}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-2522}, eissn = {2322-3960}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous and catheter directed thrombolysis by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase) in the patients with non-traumatic acute limb ischemia (ALI).Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial being performed between 2009 and 2011 in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. We included those patients who were<75 years, with symptoms of less than 14 days duration, ALI of grade IIa and IIb (according to Rutherford classification) and absence of distal run off. Baseline assessment of peripheral circulation performed in all the patients. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo intravenous (n=18) or catheter directed thrombolysis (n=20) with Alteplase. The primary endpoint of the study was improvement of clinical status measured by Rutherford classification, ankle brachial index (ABI), visual analogue scale (VAS) score measured at 1, 3 and 6 months. The secondary endpoint of the study was complete or near complete recanalization of the occluded artery.Results: A total number of 38 patients with mean age of 54.13±13.5 years were included in the study. There were 23 (60.5%) men and 15 (39.5%) women among the patients. Overall 3 (7.9%) patients had upper and 35 (92.1%) lower extremity ischemia. There was no significant difference between two study groups. None of the patients experienced major therapeutic side effects. Both ABI and VAS score improved in patients who have received first dose of t-PA within 24-hourof ALI. There was no significant difference between two study groups regarding the 6-month clinical grade (p=0.088), VAS score (p=0.316) and ABI (p=0.360). The angiographic improvement was significantly higher in CDT group (p<0.001).Conclusion: Intravenous and catheter directed thrombolysis with t-PA is a safe and effective method in treatment of acute arteriolar ischemia of extremities. However there both intravenous thrombolysis and CDT are comparable regarding the clinical outcome.Clinical Trial Registry: The current study is registered with Iranian Registry for Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir; IRCT2014100719427N1)}, keywords = {Thrombolytic therapy,Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA),Acute limb ischemia,Catheter-directed thrombolysis,Intravenous thrombolysis,Alteplase}, url = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44294.html}, eprint = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44294_6a7d4ec02abb1cb623427d25be3b2b60.pdf} } @article { author = {Mani, Arash and Dastgheib, Seyed Ali and Chanoor, Atie and Khalili, Hosseinali and Ahmadzadeh, Laaya and Ahmadi, Jamshid}, title = {Sleep Quality among Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study}, journal = {Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma}, volume = {3}, number = {Issue 3}, pages = {93-96}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-2522}, eissn = {2322-3960}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate and describe the sleep quality in seven subscales among the patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and compare it with normal patterns.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted within a 6-month period from February to August 2014 in Shahid Rajaei trauma center of Shiraz. Participants were selected randomly from all adult (18-60 years of age) patients admitted during the study period with impression of mild TBI (GCS of more than 13). The patients’ sleep quality and demographic characteristics were evaluated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and self-report questionnaire, respectively. Results were compared with normal data, which extracted from the normative data of PSQI manual.Results: Overall we included 60 patients with mild TBI with mean age of 36.2 ± 13.4 years. All the patients had sleep disturbance. Among them there were 46 (76.7%) men and 14 (23.3%) women. The subjective sleep quality (p=0.01), sleep latency (p=0.01), habitual sleep efficiency (p=0.01), sleep disturbance (p=0.01), use of sleep medication (p=0.01) and day time dysfunction (p=0.01) were significantly lower in patients with mild TBI when compared to those with mild TBI when compared to normal values. There were no difference between men and women regarding the sleep quality. The sleep duration was comparable between the subjects and the normal values.Conclusion: Patients with mild TBI have poor sleep quality which should be considered as one of the main factors in interventions after the injury and it might lead to better quality of life.}, keywords = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI),Sleep quality,Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)}, url = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44295.html}, eprint = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44295_db59134c4fd939f7c8a2831ff0e7c9df.pdf} } @article { author = {Nikeghbalian, Saman and Vafaei, Homeira and Moradian, Farid and Kazemi, Kourosh and Tanideh, Nader and Shayan, Leila and Nikeghbalian, Zahra}, title = {Administration of Intravenous Infliximab for Prevention of Peritoneal Adhesions Formation in Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma}, volume = {3}, number = {Issue 3}, pages = {97-103}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-2522}, eissn = {2322-3960}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To investigate the effects of intravenous infliximab in preventing the formation of peritoneal adhesions in an animal model of rat.Methods: This was an experimental study being performed in animal laboratory of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during 2012. Sixty albino rats were randomly assigned in to three groups by Random Design Method. The first group received single infliximab injection (n=20), the second one received double infliximab injection (n=20) and the third received nothing (n=20), after receiving intra-peritoneal injection of talc for induction of peritoneal adhesions. All the animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks and the peritoneal adhesions were evaluated according to Nair classification.Results: We observed that the mean adhesion grade was lower in those who received double dose of infliximib when compared to single dose and controls. However the difference did not reach a significant value (p=0.178). The grade of peritoneal adhesion was also comparable between the three study groups (p=0.103). The mean number of 1st WBC count was also comparable between three study groups (p=0.382). We observed that 2nd WBC count was also comparable between two study groups (p=0.317).Conclusion: Administration of intravenous infliximab after intraabdominal surgicalprocedures would not prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesions in animal model of albino rat.}, keywords = {Postoperative,Tissue adhesions,Peritoneum,Infliximab,Animal models,Rats}, url = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44296.html}, eprint = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44296_a61a161872a52b97a1dc06d900ffe261.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghaffari-fam, Saber and Sarbazi, Ehsan and Daemi, Amin and Sarbazi, Mohamadreza and Riyazi, Lachin and Sadeghi-Bazargani, Homayoun and Allahyari, Ali}, title = {Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Fall Injuries in East Azerbaijan, Iran; A Cross-Sectional Study}, journal = {Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma}, volume = {3}, number = {Issue 3}, pages = {104-110}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-2522}, eissn = {2322-3960}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of fall injuries in East Azerbaijan, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on Hospital Information System (HIS) data for patients referred to the Imam Reza Hospital between 2008 and 2013. We recorded the demographic characteristics and epidemiological patterns of patients who were admitted to our center due to fall injuries. To standardize the reports the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the International Classification of Diseases 9 Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM)was used. Equally, the hospitalization period and number, admission ward, and the final status of victims after discharge from the hospital were extracted from the HIS.Results: Overall we included a total number of 3397 patients with mean age of 39.2±22.7 years. There were 2501 (73.6%) men among the patients. Long bone fracture (48.1%) and intracranial injury (24.2%) were the most frequent injuries among fall injury victims. Operations on spinal cord and spinal canal structures (12.0%), Operations on nose (11.6%) were the most common operations being performed in these patients. The survival was significantly lower in patients with age more than 60 years when compared to other age groups (p=0.001).The survival rate was significantly lower in age group of >60 years, compared to other age groups (p=0.001).Conclusion: Given the high rate of fall injuries and death among the elderly that increases with age, appropriate measures must be taken to control and prevent injuries while prioritizing the elderly.}, keywords = {Epidemiology,Fall injury,Traumatic brain injury,Mortality,Iran}, url = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44290.html}, eprint = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44290_f58cc2bf94fc46ba26584fbc873e9895.pdf} } @article { author = {Hodjati, Hossein and Mardani, Parviz and Mousavi, Masoud and Hoseinzadeh, Ahmad and Ahmadi, Sajjad and Sohrabi, Sahar and Golchini, Alireza}, title = {Traumatic Aneurysm of Innominate Artery Resulting in Tracheal Stenosis and Rapidly Progressive Respiratory Failure; A Case Report and Literature Review}, journal = {Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma}, volume = {3}, number = {Issue 3}, pages = {111-113}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-2522}, eissn = {2322-3960}, doi = {}, abstract = {Traumatic injuries to great vessels are relative common in trauma practice. Blunt thoracic trauma may result in dissection injury to aorta and innominate artery. We herein present a late presentation of traumatic innominate artery aneurysm. A29-year-old woman presented with dyspnea to our emergency department. She had previous motor-vehicle accident a month before presentation for which had undergone chest tube insertion. She was diagnosed to have traumatic aneurysm of innominate artery resulting in tracheal stenosis resulting in acute life threatening respiratory failure. She underwent simultaneous aneurysm resection and tracheal reconstruction. She was uneventfully discharged from hospital. Any post-traumatic respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms may propound an undiagnosed serious injury to the great vessels. Extra and repetitive imaging studies may help us in better evaluation of traumatized patients with high energy mechanisms and sharp injuries to chest and neck.}, keywords = {Traumatic aneurysm,Innominate artery,Tracheal Stenosis,Respiratory failure,Surgical remove}, url = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44291.html}, eprint = {https://beat.sums.ac.ir/article_44291_715d610a0696a47c90b82925d1ea49d6.pdf} }